The flaring is done with a pair of rolls that travel around the hole and are fed down into the part, deforming the metal in a controlled, predicted way. Swaging a bearing into a housing means either flaring its groove's lips onto the chamfer of the housing, or flaring the housing's material over the edge of the bearing. It can also impart internal shapes in hollow workpieces through the use of a mandrel (the shape must have a constant cross-section). Rotary swaging is usually a cold working process, used to reduce the diameter, produce a taper, or add a point to a round workpiece. Swaging is normally the method of choice for precious metals since there is no loss of material in the process. Tubes may be tagged (reduced in diameter to enable the tube to be initially fed through the die to then be pulled from the other side) using a rotary swager, which allows them to be drawn on a draw bench. This process is usually called "rotary swaging" or "radial forging". The second category involves two or more dies used to hammer a round workpiece into a smaller diameter.This may also be referred to as "tube swaging". The first category of swaging involves extrusion of the workpiece, forcing it through a confining die to reduce its diameter, similar to the process of drawing wire.Another (less common) pronunciation sometimes heard in the metalworking industries is / ˈ s w ɛ dʒ/ (AHD format: swĕj) (perhaps influenced by sledge as in sledgehammer).Īs a general manufacturing process swaging may be broken up into two categories: Swage is most often pronounced / ˈ s w eɪ dʒ/ ( AHD format: swāj). Swages called " fullers" are specific to making grooves in swords and knives. Swage blocks are anvil-like dies with various shapes forged into them, which are also used for forming metal. These have handles for holding or pegs for attaching to an anvil, and often a flat head for striking with a hammer. Swages were originally tools used by blacksmiths to form metal into various shapes too intricate to make with a hammer alone. Zhang Q et al (2014) Recess swaging method for manufacturing the internal helical splines.The term "swage" comes from the Old French term souage, meaning "decorative groove" or "ornamental moulding". Zhang Q, Jin KQ, Mu D (2014) Tube/tube joining technology by using rotary swaging forming method. 11th International Conference on Technology of Plasticity 81:2012–2017 Moumi E et al (2014) Wire joining by rotary swaging. Kocich R et al (2015) Fabrication and characterization of cold-swaged multilayered Al-Cu clad composites. J Mater Process Technol 209(1):283–288Ībdulstaar MA et al (2013) Severe plastic deformation of commercial purity aluminum by rotary swaging: microstructure evolution and mechanical properties. Lim SJ, Choi HJ, Lee CH (2009) Forming characteristics of tubular product through the rotary swaging process. Sanjari M, Taheri AK, Movahedi MR (2008) An optimization method for radial forging process using ANN and Taguchi method. Mater Des 38:147–153ĭomblesky JP, Shivpuri R, Painter B (1995) Application of the finite-element method to the radial forging of large-diameter tubes. Sanjari M et al (2012) Determination of strain field and heterogeneity in radial forging of tube using finite element method and microhardness test. Ghaei A, Taheri AK, Movahhedy MR (2006) A new upper bound solution for analysis of the radial forging process. 11th International Conference on Technology of Plasticity 81:2336–2341 Zhang Q et al (2014) Rotary swaging forming process of tube workpieces. Silva CMA et al (2015) Environmentally friendly joining of tubes by their ends. Pawlicki M et al (2015) Cold upset forging joining of ultra-fine-grained aluminium and copper. Marre M, Brosius A, Tekkaya AE (2008) New aspects of joining by compression and expansion of tubular workpieces. Kitamura K et al (2012) Cold joining of rotor shaft with flange by using plastic deformation. Cirp Ann Manuf Technol 57(1):283–286Īlves LM, Martins PAF (2013) Single-stroke mechanical joining of sheet panels to tubular profiles. Neugebauer R, Kraus C, Dietrich S (2008) Advances in mechanical joining of magnesium. Harada Y (2010) Cold joining of dissimilar metal sheets by shot peening. Groche P et al (2014) Joining by forming-a review on joint mechanisms, applications and future trends. Wang SF et al (2013) Experimental investigation of Al-Cu composed tube-fin heat exchangers for air conditioner. Jin TX et al (2015) Experimental research on applying the copper-clad aluminum tube as connecting tubes of air conditioners.
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